Calluses

Calluses (keratomas or tylomas) can develop on any part of the body and are caused by repeated friction and pressure. These areas of thickened skin do not have distinct borders and are formed to protect the skin and the structures behind it from injury or damage. Musicians, especially those that play stringed instruments, and other people who work with their hands often develop calluses that help protect their fingers and palms.

On the feet, calluses typically develop on the plantar surface where there is usually the most pressure and friction from standing and walking. These areas of pressure are usually the sole, heel or on the metatarsal heads where the inner bones of the toes connect to the foot. As calluses thicken, pain may develop from excess pressure against the skin.

Calluses may be painless or may include burning or throbbing. An infected callus may produce a pus-like drainage from the callus, pain, swelling and even fever. This can be treated with antibiotics. Diabetics should seek medical treatment for all foot abnormalities, including calluses.

Causes of Calluses

Excessive pressure on a specific area of the foot cause calluses. A few common causes of calluses are wearing high-heeled dress shoes, shoes that are too small, obesity, flat feet, high arched feet, bony prominence's, abnormalities in the gait cycle (walking motion), and the loss of the fat pad on the bottom of the foot.

Treatment of Calluses

Diagnosis is usually based on a physical examination. X-rays help detect abnormalities within the bony structure of the feet that may be the cause of calluses. A biopsy may be ordered where skin cells are removed and examined under a microscope.

Some people try to alleviate pain themselves by cutting or trimming their calluses with a razor blade or knife. This is not the proper way to treat calluses because it is very dangerous and can worsen the condition resulting in unnecessary injuries. People with diabetes should never try this type of treatment.

The use of Insoles will greatly relieve pressure that leads to callus development by equally redistributing weight. Orthotics should be made with materials that absorb shock and shear (friction) forces. An effective orthotic allows calluses to heal by transferring pressure away from "hot spots" or other high pressured areas of the foot. Women should refrain from wearing high-heeled shoes.

This material is only provided as helpful information and you should always go to your medical doctor or podiatrist for a professional diagnosis.